Glossary

SAP proprietary programming language. Extended to include an object-oriented data model (ABAP Objects) from its version 4.5, it was integrated as the language of a more general product called NetWeaver.

The framework agreement is a mechanism which makes it possible to select a certain number of service providers, and to conclude an agreement on the basis of a contract- fits with one or more of them.

Based on a classification method based on Pareto's law (80/20), class C includes purchases of small amounts, essentially indirect, representing en moyenne 5 % du budget achats des entreprises et 50 % des catégories d\'achats.

Purchases entering into the composition of the final product or intervening directly in the production process (machine tools in industry, information systems in banking-insurance, energy in transport, etc.).

Goods and services necessary for the company to operate but which do not fall within its core business. In contrast to direct purchases, their Management is less structured and generally delegated to prescribers and end users.

Purchases made outside the business process, i.e. from unlisted suppliers, through an unapproved channel, or at a different price than the one negotiated. They generate a significant increase in processing times and costs, and pose problems with respect to regulatory obligations (duty of vigilance vis-à-vis suppliers, compliance with payment deadlines, etc.).

An API is a software interface that allows you to connect one application to another in order to exchange data and functionality.

See RFP, Request for proposal

The call for tenders is said to be open when any supplier can submit a tender. The call for tenders is said to be restricted when only those who have been authorized after selection may submit tenders.

The mission of project management assistance is to help the project manager to carry out a project, the latter having the technical competence.

The mission of project management assistance is to help the client to define and manage a project, then to exploit the product delivered. It has a role of advice, assistance and proposal, the decision-maker remaining the contracting authority.

The notion of “Available to promise” stock comes into play at the level of the production master plan. It is the result of the quantity put into production from which will be subtracted all firm orders from customers.

A method by which the buyer sends a supplier his self-invoicing on the basis of the products received or services performed over a given period.

All business relations between enterprises and, by extension, adjective describing undertakings or activities carried out in the professional sphere.

All commercial relations between undertakings and public sector entities, whether they are local authorities or State services, ( central, governmental, etc.) or hospitals. By extension, the adjective describes the activities carried out in this context.

Technology and analytical method to exploit big data or big data, available in various formats. It is based on a three -V' approach( volume, speed, variety), sometimes five by adding the notions of "veracity" and "value" of the data.

Upheaval causing a radical change corresponding, in the IT sector, to the total restructuring of a system or technical infrastructure on a very short period.

Complete list of raw materials, parts and tools required to manufacture a given product. It must also include the components and sub-components, as well as the quantities required for each of them.

Technology to store and transmit information transparently, securely and without a central control body. Transactions, recorded in a book digital account in the form of blocks, are validated by cryptographic means and by a logic of approval of information by consensus between the links of the network of participants, also called nodes.

Approach combining elements of Greenfield and Brownfield, for example to implement new functionalities in an existing system.

Approach of implementing or upgrading a system or conducting a project in a legacy environment, i.e. say with existing systems and data.

Journal of announcements published by the Directorate of Legal and Administrative Information as part of its mission to guarantee economic transparency and financial. The BOAMP is available on the website of the Official Journal.

Collaborative digital platform facilitating exchanges between companies and their suppliers, to send and receive contracts, orders, delivery slips, invoices and other payment notices, while securing the data.

Document describing in a complete and precise way the need, whether it is a product (nature, catetries, etc.) or a service (scope, modalities execution, etc.)

Request for delivery of a quantity of products by reference to an open order or contract.

The electronic catalog materializes the agreement between a supplier and a buyer It is all the products and / or services contained in the framework agreement signed between the parties.

Approche consistant à affiner la gestion des achats en raisonnant par type de dépenses. A l’aide d\\\'une solution dédiée, les équipes peuvent se focus on a particular category, family or segment and carry out more precise price or market analyses, for greater efficiency and better results.

Structure ensuring the production of operational tasks for several companies, sites or entities of the same group, generally on tasks with "low added value" one or more support functions.

Invoice format developed by the UN/Cefact organization (United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) with the contribution of many professional organizations, used to create the message syntax that can be exchanged globally between trading partners.

Purchasing classification matrix based on an analysis of competition through 5 criteria: the negotiating power of customers, the power of negotiation of suppliers, the threat of substitute products, the threat of potential market entrants, the intensity of rivalry between competitors.

Proactive and methodical management of a contract from its definition to its execution and renewal. Relying in particular on specialized tools, to ensure compliance control and deadline tracking, it improves procurement efficiency and saves money.

Legal code grouping together the rules and procedures that contracting authorities and contracting entities must comply with for their purchases in respect of works, supply and service.

The general conditions of purchase specify the different terms of purchase that the buyer wishes to apply to his suppliers.

The general conditions of sale specify the terms of sale of a product or a service by a professional. They make it possible to supervise commercial relations.

State of what presents a complete agreement, a total adaptation, with laws, norms or internal rules applicable within a organization, in a relevant area. The term "compliance" is often used in the professional world to refer to all measures to ensure compliance.

Contract for the purpose of establishing the terms governing the contracts to be awarded during a given period. It may be based on an agreement- frame.

Set of tools and techniques designed to take into account the wishes and expectations of customers and prospects, in order to satisfy them and retain them by offering them or offering services.

Solution logicielle qui se superpose à une application et vient guider l'utilisateur "pas à pas", en orientant le parcours de navigation et en apportant all the necessary help in real time. The most sophisticated can suggest in advance the relevant actions to be carried out.

Data management, or Data, aimed at ensuring its quality by a cleaning process (cleansing), avoiding duplicates, errors, lacks, codification problems, etc. When purchasing, this processing can also be an opportunity for enrichment, especially for supplier data.

Close to the IT and Freedom Correspondent (CIL), this delegate identifies risks and sets up procedures to organize data protection during operations and processing. Its role is also to raise awareness and train employees on these issues.

Computer document on which a need is expressed by a user, to acquire one or more products and / or services for a certain quantity and for a given date. The purchase request gives rise to a purchase order sent to the identified suppliers at the end of its validation.

The dematerialization of invoices consists in moving billing documents from paper to digital (electronic) support.

The Purchasing Director defines and implements the company's purchasing strategy and policy, in accordance with its environment ( activity, economic constraints, organization, etc.) and its needs in terms of products and services.

The Digital Director, also known as the Digital Director, initiates, accompanies and reinforces the digital and digital transformation of the company.

Declaration on honour allowing a company applying for a public contract to declare its financial status, capacity and suitability to participate to the procedure.

See Procure-to-Pay

Concept that brings together upstream supplier selection actions, i.e. e-sourcing (Source-to-contract) and downstream the transition and order tracking, i.e. e-procurement (Procure-to-receipt), up to invoice-to-pay.

An electronic invoice or dematerialized invoice is an invoice transmitted and processed in electronic form from end to end (from its generation at the seller to its accounting record at the customer's premises through its transmission by computer)

Use of electronic means (particularly information and communication technologies) to carry out business

Activity that focuses on the purchasing and procurement process, through an electronic means such as the Internet. We also talk about merchant sites and e-merchants to designate the actors of this online commerce.

Electronic procurement solution that allows the company to effectively manage the purchasing chain by dematerializing and automating processes related to cycles procurement and purchasing.

The purpose of e-sourcing is to optimize the upstream purchase by standardizing and automating as much as possible the search, selection and negotiation with suppliers. The savings achieved are mainly due to the decrease in trading and transaction costs.

Acronym of English origin translated into French by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for administration, commerce and transport. This standard implemented place by the United Nations defines the rules of interoperability of EDI messages by specifying the contents and their syntax.

Purchasing method using Internet tools to organize and conduct a competitive bidding of suppliers by auction

Management software package that integrates the main functional components of the company: production management, commercial management, logistics, human resources, accounting, management control, management purchases. Using this unified system, users from different business lines work in an identical application environment based on a single database.

Invoice format, also called mixed or hybrid invoice, set up to facilitate the adoption of electronic invoicing by all companies. He combines a readable image of the invoice in PDF format, containing all the information useful for its processing, especially in the event of a discrepancy, and data presented as a structured file in XML format, more or less detailed (minimum, basic, extended, etc.), allowing automated integration and reconciliation.

See Dematerialization of invoices or e-Billing

Electronic reservation management platform allowing travel agencies to know the stock status of the various suppliers of tourism products (airlines, hotel chain, car rental company, etc.) and book remotely.

This document, or receipt of goods (or service) in French, confirms the good reception by the customer.

Approach consisting of implementing a system or carrying out a project in a completely new environment, i.e. starting from scratch zero.

Grouping of companies, materialized or not by the creation of a dedicated organization, which aims to negotiate prices and benefit from more attractive discounts than when a company buys alone, thanks to the volume of purchases generated.

Form of artificial intelligence dedicated to the autonomous creation of original content from existing data, such as texts, images, video, audio or even computer code.

A set of technologies that allow a computer system to simulate certain traits of human intelligence: learning, understanding, decision-making, etc. from experience.

Ability of a solution or device to work with other components of its environment, to communicate or operate together via interfaces, without restriction of access or implementation. The term is close to the notion of compatibility, which it underlies.

This document, or invoice receipt in French, confirms the good reception by the customer.

Invoice-to-pay covers all stages of the process from invoicing to payment, including reconciliation with the order and accounting registration, as well as the management of any errors or disputes.

Technology grouping together "objects" equipped with sensors in order to connect to other systems on the Internet, via specialized networks, to exchange data. In purchasing, IoT mainly concerns the management of assets and logistics flows.

Journal published daily (working days) by the Publications Office of the European Union. It is particularly dedicated to the publication of legal announcements for European public procurement call for tenders.

Indicator to measure and monitor the results of an activity, usually used to define a strategy or corrective actions.

Method inspired by Lean Management which aims to improve the purchasing and supply process, by identifying sources of useless or superfluous expenses.

A set of technologies for segmenting and extracting textual information from structured or semi-structured digital documents using optical character recognition (OCR). Structured.

Procedure by which the buyer freely defines the modalities of award of the contract, in compliance with the principles of public procurement.

Activity based on a set of tools and processes consisting of managing and disseminating data from repositories (suppliers, contracts, articles, etc.) in the company.

Purchasing classification matrix according to two axes (financial impact, complexity of supply) to adopt appropriate strategies and manage the risks associated with each category according to its importance (volume, criticality, etc.).

Mro covers all maintenance parts used to repair or support production operations.

Software package to optimize the manufacturing process through an automated production resource planning and inventory system. It allows you to better master the work by outsourcing a few tasks such as supply monitoring.

OCR, in French optical character recognition or ocerization, refers to the computer processes for the translation of images of printed or typed texts in text files.

Private platform, not certified by the tax administration, authorized to convert and send or retrieve an invoice on the Public Invoicing Portal (PPF) or a partner dematerialization platform (PDP) of the generalization system.

A mirror of Procure-to-pay, Order-to-cash covers the process from taking customer orders to collection, from suppliers ( sellers).

Supply chain performance indicator that assesses a supplier's ability to meet delivery commitments. It measures the ability to ship the products in the quantity requested, on time and to the right place.

Platform authorized to exchange dematerialized invoices and transmit data to the public portal as part of the generalization of electronic invoicing for companies, in place from mid-2024 in France. Each PDP must be registered as a partner of the administration, for a renewable period of 3 years.

Cloud-based platform where an operator enables customers and partners to develop, run, and manage applications without having to build and maintain the necessary technical infrastructure.

Experimentation aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a process or innovation, and more generally of a project.

Centralized platform for the dematerialization of invoices (probably Chorus Pro), through which all the invoicing flows of companies will gradually transit. The PPF has for rôle de gérer un annuaire (entreprises, plateformes partenaires), de proposer un "socle de service minimum" et de concentrer les données destinées à l'administration fiscale, en lien avec les plateformes de dématérialisation partenaires.

The concept of contracting authority refers to a public or private purchaser whose award of certain contracts, namely public contracts and concessions, obeys rules of advertising and competition.

See Purchase requisition.

Procure-to-pay covers the process from managing purchase requisitions and orders to paying suppliers. It brings together the Procure-to-receipt and Invoice-to-pay.

Procure-to-receipt covers the process from managing purchase requisitions and orders to receiving goods or orders. services.

Continuous process of monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of expenses and procurement teams, mainly aimed at increasing visibility and legitimacy of the function within an organization.

Purchase-to-Pay, abusively called P2P (Procure-to-pay), covers all stages of the purchasing, procurement and accounts payable process, since the day before technological and commercial until the payment of orders and the evaluation of suppliers. It is similar to Source-to-pay (S2P).

Purchasing classification and analysis model which makes it possible to define and structure the company's needs according to different criteria: regulations, insurance supply, quality, service, cost, innovation.

Attached to the IT department or the purchasing department, the RSIA is responsible for information systems covering the purchasing, procurement and accounting processes. suppliers, as well as related projects.

The RFP is issued in the upstream phase during the purchase process, to obtain a set of answers to an expressed need. This is a request to suppliers, often through a call for tenders, to submit a specific proposal for a product or service.

Formal market call for quotation process for an offer of goods or services Presupposes the choice among previously approved suppliers and constituting a panel of approved suppliers.

An RFX covers all forms of requests addressed to suppliers, for information (RFI, Information), offers (RFP, Proposal) or quotes or costing (RFQ, Quotation).

European text that entered into force in May 2018, with the aim of making it easier for individuals to control how their data is collected, used, shared and stored. By means of dedicated procedures and tools, purchasing departments must in particular guarantee the security of information relating to supplier contacts and ensure compliance of service providers who host or process data on behalf of their company.

Activity to identify risks by anticipating them as much as possible, to assess, prioritize and react quickly to minimize the consequences on processes. In the field of purchasing, the multiplicity of forms of risk, linked to the failure of suppliers or external events (climatic, geopolitical, health hazards, etc.), only complicates the problem.

ROI is the measure of the effectiveness of an investment in terms of profitability. It usually consists of a simple ratio comparing the value the cost of the investment with its profitability, to determine the moment of equilibrium.

Technology that appeared with robotization in industry, thanks to which a software robot replicates actions previously performed by a human operator at through the interface of a computer application, repeatedly and completely autonomously. It allows teams to focus on complex cases or exceptions, and on tasks with higher added value.

Corporate social responsibility refers to the consideration, on a voluntary, and sometimes legal, basis, of environmental, social, economic and ethical issues in their activities.

Platform from SAP that brings together data and analytics, artificial intelligence, application development, automation and the integration.

Platform used by employees to make their own reservations related to business trips (transport, hotels, car rental, etc.), in connection with global systems (SCM, see glossary).

Supply chain management, going beyond the scope of logistics limited to physical storage and transport operations, covers all activities of the field: strategy, planning, end-to-end chain management.

An information or computer system consists of hardware, software and processes for collection, manipulation, analysis and modelling. of data referenced within a single- or multi-site company

Information system dedicated to the management of the purchasing process, and by extension the procurement and accounts payable processes.

Technical and legal method for guaranteeing the integrity of an electronic document and authenticating its author, by analogy with the handwritten signature a paper document. For purchases, it is applicable to contracts, invoices, etc.

SLP management helps onboard, qualify, segment and manage suppliers, as well as automate and streamline their management by ensuring alignment with the purchasing policy based on consistent data.

Software operating mode in which it is installed on remote servers, in the cloud, rather than in the information system of the company. Users, who share the code, avoid technical constraints and pay per use, usually in the form of monthly rent.

A Source-to-contract solution covers all stages of the process from sourcing to contracting, including consultations ( bids, auctions) and negotiations.

A Source-to-pay solution covers all stages of the procurement, procurement and accounts payable process.

Stage of the purchasing process dedicated to the identification, qualification (approval) and pre-selection of supplier prospects.

Solution to manage supplier relationships to increase the quality of supplies and the overall profitability of the company.

Strategic sourcing encompasses source-to-contract, supplier performance and data management, and expense analysis processes.

Solution to manage all aspects of the supplier relationship over the entire duration of the commercial partnership.

The Supply Chain Finance includes various financial services promoting supplier financing: Reverse factoring, Cash planner, Dynamic dicounting, Accounts receivable financing, etc. Buyers can thus negotiate additional payment facilities (deadlines, discounts, etc.), which translates into increased liquidity availability.

Modèle de classification et d\'analyse des achats qui permet d’examiner les forces et les faiblesses internes, et de les confronter aux opportunités et external threats.

The overall cost of a good or service throughout its life cycle, beyond the simple purchase price. Sound calcul intègre notamment les coûts indirects, ou "cachés", comme le coût d'utilisation (énergie, consommables, etc.), de maintenance (pièces détachées, entretien, etc.) ou de retrait (recyclage, revente, destruction).

A TEM solution supports all aspects of telecom cost management, from establishing contracts with operators to monitoring the fleet of terminals, including controlling consumption and supervising invoices.

Activity encompassing maintenance services (corrective, scalable, etc.) of one or more applications provided by an external service provider.

Progiciel destiné à optimiser la gestion des opérations de transport. Il existe de nombreux TMS qui recouvrent une grande variété d\'activités ou d\'étapes in the supply chain.

Software package intended to optimize the management of financial activities such as cash flow, assets and investments.

A TEM solution supports the various aspects of travel and business expense management.

Bibliothèque électronique de documents XML libres de droit, pour le processus d\'approvisionnement et le transport (bons de commande, bordereaux de réception, factures, lettres de car, etc.), based on the ebXML Core Components Technical Specification (ISO 15000-5).

Eight-digit coding system used to classify both products and services in e-commerce systems.

See Source-to-Contract

The process of defining the experience a user would have when interacting with a company, its services and its products.

All the emotions that a user can feel through a given interface, whether it is a website, a software or a mobile application in the field of information systems. The design of the interfaces is based on a so-called UX Design approach.

Software package for managing external resources (seconded employees, temporary workers, subcontractors, etc.), for various services (consulting, technical assistance, training, etc.). As a solution Specialized, it meets the specificities of this category, with advanced features that are not limited to purchase operations.

A workflow is used to describe a work circuit, that is to say a sequence of tasks or operations to be performed by a person, a group of people, an organization, etc. It specifies the nature of the work at each stage, the deadlines, the methods of validation, etc., and provides each of the actors involved with information on its role and how to best fulfill it.

A generic markup computer metalanguage, XML is a subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). A text-oriented format, it has established itself as a standard to facilitate exchanges between systems.